Two votive tablets (ayagapattas) of the Jaina community demonstrating various aspects of the Jaina religion. Mathura, 1st century or earlier -- According to N. P. Joshi such tablets were probably "fixed at some high place ... to be seen and adored from the distance."

The stupa, originally a funeral mound, is the religious monument par excellence in early Buddhism and Jainism. It can be described as a hemispherical structure mounted on a cylindrical base (and enshrining bone-relicts). The stupa is also frequently shown in reliefs (e.g. on ayagapattas).